MuziKent

     Bohemya’da 1841’de bir kasab?n o?lu olarak dünyaya geldi. Bed?ich Smetena’n?n müzi?ini i?itti?inde besteci olmaya karar verdi. Sonunda, Smetana’n?n orkestra ?efi oldu?u Prag Ulusal Tiyatrosu’nda viyolac? oldu. Bestelerini üretebilmek için 1873’de orkestradan ayr?ld? ve 1 y?l içinde Avusturya ulusal ödülünü alan 3 numaral? senfonisini yazd? ve jüride yer alan Johannes Brahms’?n takdirini kazand?.

     1878’de Dvo?ák’?n ünü dünyaya yay?lm??t?. Sadece Brahms’?n de?il, eserlerini konserlerinde ve turnelerinde seslendiren Richard Wagner, Edward Elgar gibi bestecilerin de deste?ini ald?. Bu dönemde defalarca ?ngiltere’ye gitti. Prague Konservatuar?’nda profesör oldu, Cambridge Üniversitesi’nden onursal doktora ald?; New York’taki Ulusal Müzik Konservatuar?’n?n yöneticili?ine getirildi. Yurt sevgisinden ötürü Amerika’dan gelen teklifi ba?lang?çta kabul etmediyse de Prag’daki i?inden kazand???n?n 25 kat?n?n ödenece?ini ö?renince fikrini de?i?tirdi. 3 y?l ABD’de ya?ayan Dvo?ák, çok verimli bir dönem geçirmesine ra?men büyük vatan özlemi ya?ad?. Bu özlemin etkisiyle eserlerinde Amerikan folk geleneklerinin ö?elerini kulland??? söylenir. "Yeni Dünya Senfonisi"nde, Amerika’da ya?ad??? dönemde tan?d??? K?z?lderili ve Afro-Amerikan müzi?ini büyük bir ustal?kla senfonik yap?ya oturttu. 1895’te ailesiyle birlikte yurduna döndü ve Prag Konservatuar?’ndaki görevine geri geldi. 1901’de konservatuar?n yöneticisi oldu. 1904’te bir kalp krizi sonucu öldü.

     En popüler eseri Mi minör tonundaki "9. Senfoni (Yeni Dünya Senfonisi)"dir. Bu eserin popülerli?i sebebiyle uzun zaman di?er eserleri göz ard? edilmi?tir. Dvorak, Yeni Dünya Senfonisi’ni 1893 y?l?nda, gerçekle?tirdi?i Amerika seyahatinde yazm??t?r. Dvorak, ilk kez Amerika’da i?itti?i yerli Amerikan müzi?i ve Afrikan-Amerikan temalar?na ilgi duymu? ve 9. Senfonisi’nin Carnegie Hall’daki ilk seslendirili?inin ertesi günü (15 Aral?k 1893) bu senfonisindeki yerli Amerikan müzi?inin etkisini ?öyle aç?klam??t?r; “Asl?nda yerli Amerikan müzi?inin hiçbir melodisini kullanmad?m. Sadece K?z?lderili müzi?inin özelliklerini ta??yan orijinal temalar yazd?m ve bunlar? modern ritimlerin, konturpuan ve orkestra renklerinin bütün kaynaklar? ile geli?tirdim.” Buna ra?men, genel kan?; di?er bütün Dvorak eserlerinde oldu?u gibi, bu senfonide de kendi yerel Bohemya folklorik müzi?inin etkisinin oldu?undan yanad?r. Brahms etkisinin aç?kça görülebildi?i 8 numaral? Sol Majör Senfonisi de oldukça popülerdir. 7 numaral? Re minör Senfonisi en önemli eserlerindendir. Çello Konçertosu No:2 ve Keman Konçertosu, en önemli konçertolar?d?r. Besteledi?i 10 opera aras?nda ise Rusalka ba?yap?t?d?r ve yurtd???nda tan?nmas?n? sa?lam??t?r.

·         Andante appasionato for String Quartet in A minor (4) 

·         Andante appasionato for String Quartet in F major, B 40a (1) 

·         Bagatelles for 2 Violins, Cello and Harmonium, Op. 47/B 79 (15) 

·         Ballad for Violin and Piano in D minor, Op. 15 no 1/B 139 (11) 

·         Capriccio for Violin and Piano, B 81 (3) 

·         Cypresses for String Quartet, B 152 (13) 

·         Gavotte for 3 Violins in G minor, B 164 (3) 

·         Humoresque in F sharp major, B 138 (11) 

·         Mazurek for Violin and Piano in E minor, Op. 49/B 89 (6) 

·         Miniatures for 2 Violins and Viola, Op. 75a/B 149 (5) 

·         Movement for String Quartet in F major, B 120 (6)  

·         Nocturne for Violin and Piano in B major, Op. 40/B 48 (8) 

·         Polonaise for Cello and Piano in A major, B 94 (6) 

·         Quartet for Piano and Strings no 1 in D major, Op. 23/B 53 (5) 

·         Quartet for Piano and Strings no 2 in E flat major, Op. 87/B 162 (15) 

·         Quartet for Strings no 1 in A major, Op. 2/B 8 (6) 

·         Quartet for Strings no 10 in E flat major, Op. 51/B 92 (17) 

·         Quartet for Strings no 11 in C major, Op. 61/B 121 (11) 

·         Quartet for Strings no 12 in F major, Op. 96/B 179 "American" (57) 

·         Quartet for Strings no 13 in G major, Op. 106/B 192 (18) 

·         Quartet for Strings no 14 in A flat major, Op. 105/B 193 (22) 

·         Quartet for Strings no 2 in B flat major, B 17 (4) 

·         Quartet for Strings no 3 in D major, B 18 (4) 

·         Quartet for Strings no 4 in E minor, B 19 (4) 

·         Quartet for Strings no 5 in F minor, Op. 9/B 37 (5) 

·         Quartet for Strings no 6 in A minor, Op. 12/B 40 (5) 

·         Quartet for Strings no 7 in A minor, Op. 16/B 45 (5) 

·         Quartet for Strings no 8 in E major, Op. 80/B 57 (6) 

·         Quartet for Strings no 9 in D minor, Op. 34/B 75 (14) 

·         Quintet for Piano and Strings no 1 in A major, Op. 5/B 28 (7) 

·         Quintet for Piano and Strings no 2 in A major, Op. 81/B 155 (42) 

·         Quintet for String Quartet and Double Bass in G major, Op. 77/B 49 (17) 

·         Quintet for Strings in A minor, Op. 1/B 7 (3) 

·         Quintet for Strings in E flat major, Op. 97/B 180 (18) 

·         Romance for Violin and Piano in F minor, Op. 11/B 38 (9) 

·         Romantic Pieces (4) for Violin and Piano, Op. 75/B 150 (22) 

·         Rondo for Cello and Piano in G minor, Op. 94 (14) 

·         Sextet for Strings in A major, Op. 48/ B 80 (14) 

·         Slavonic Dance in E minor (3) 

·         Slavonic Dance in G minor (1) 

·         Slavonic Dances (8) for Cello and Piano, Op. 46/B 172: no 8 in G minor (1) 

·         Slavonic Dances (8) for Cello and Piano, Op. 46/B 83: no 3 in A flat major, Polka (1) 

·         Slavonic Fantaisie (3) 

·         Sonata for Violin and Piano in F major, Op. 57/B 106 (8) 

·         Sonatina for Violin and Piano in G major, Op. 100/B 183 (25) 

·         Terzetto for 2 Violins and Viola in C major, Op. 74/B 148 (8) 

·         Trio for Piano and Strings no 1 in B flat major, Op. 21/B 51 (18) 

·         Trio for Piano and Strings no 2 in G minor, Op. 26/B 56 (15) 

·         Trio for Piano and Strings no 3 in F minor, Op. 65/B 130 (21) 

·         Trio for Piano and Strings no 4 in E minor, Op. 90/B 166 "Dumky" (42) 

·         Waltzes (2) for String Quartet, Op. 54/B 105 (10) 

·         Ave Maria, Op. 19b/B 68 (2) 

·         Ave maris stella, Op. 19b/B 95 (1) 

·         Bouquet of Czech Folksongs (4), B 72 (1) 

·         Choral Songs (3), B 66 (1) 

·         Choruses (4), B 59 (1) 

·         From a Bouquet of Slavonic Folksongs (3), Op. 43/B 76 (1) 

·         Hymnus ad laudes in festo Sancta Trinitatis, B 82 (1) 

·         Irish Songs (2), B 601 (1) 

·         Mass in D major, Op. 86/B 153 (12) 

·         Mass in D major, Op. 86/B 153: Benedictus (1) 

·         Moravian Duets (4), Op. 20/B 50 (2) 

·         Moravian Duets (4), Op. 38/B 69 (2) 

·         Moravian Duets (5), Op. 29 (1) 

·         Moravian Duets (9), Op 32 (3) 

·         sanctissima dulcis virgo Maria, Op. 19a/B 95a (1) 

·         Partsongs (5), Op. 27 (1) 

·         Partsongs (5), Op. 27: no 3, The love promise (1) 

·         Psalm 149, Op. 79/B 91 (5) 

·         Requiem Mass, Op. 89/B 165 (10) 

·         Russian Songs (16), B 603 (1) 

·         Saint Ludmilla, Op. 71/B 144 (2) 

·         Stabat Mater, Op. 58/B 71 (15) 

·         Stabat Mater, Op. 58/B 71: Andante con moto (1) 

·         Stabat Mater, Op. 58/B 71: Quando corpus morietur (1) 

·         Stabat Mater, Op. 58/B 71: Stabat Mater dolorosa (1) 

·         Stabat Mater, Op. 58/B 71: Tui Nati vulnerati (3) 

·         Stabat Mater, Op. 58/B 71: Tui Nati vulnerati - Excerpt(s) (1) 

·         Stabat Mater, Op. 58/B 71: Virgo virginium praeclara (2) 

·         Te Deum, Op. 103/B 176 (9) 

·         Te Deum, Op. 103/B 176: Aeterna fac (1) 

·         Te Deum, Op. 103/B 176: Excerpt(s) (1) 

·         The American Flag, Op. 102/B 177 (1) 

·         The Song of a Czech, B 73 (1) 

·         The Spectre's Bride, Op. 69/B 135 (4) 

·         There on our roof a swallow carries, B 118 (1)

·         Armida, Op. 115/B 206 (1) 

·         Kate and the Devil, Op. 112/B 201 (2) 

·         King and charcoal burner, B 21 (1) 

·         Rusalka, Op. 114/B 203 (12) 

·         Rusalka, Op. 114/B 203: Excerpt(s) (2) 

·         The cunning peasant, Op. 37 (1) 

·         The Jacobin, Op. 84/B 159 (2) 

·         The Jacobin, Op. 84/B 159: Excerpt(s) (1) 

·         The Stubborn Lovers, Op 17/B 46 (1) 

·         Vanda, Op 25/B 55 (2) 

·         Preludes and Fugues for Organ, B 302 (1) 

·         Preludes and Fugues for Organ, B 302: Fughetta no 1 in D major (1) 

·         Preludes and Fugues for Organ, B 302: Prelude no 5 in D major "on a Given Theme" (1) 

·         Album Leaf for Piano in E flat major, B 158 (3) 

·         Album Leaves for Piano, B 109 (1) 

·         Dumka for Piano in C minor, Op. 12 no 1/B 136 (4) 

·         Dumka for Piano in D minor, Op. 35/B 64 (3) 

·         Eclogues (4) for Piano, Op. 56/B 103 (3) 

·         From the Bohemian forest, Op. 68/B 133 (5) 

·         Furiant for Piano in G minor, Op. 12 no 2/B 137 (4) 

·         Humoresques (8) for Piano, Op. 101/B 187 (5) 

·         Humoresques (8) for Piano, Op. 101/B 187: no 7 in G flat major (92) 

·         Impromptu in D minor, B 129 (2) 

·         Legends (10) for Piano 4 hands, Op. 59/B 117 (3) 

·         Mazurkas (6) for Piano, Op. 56/B 111 (2) 

·         Minuets (2) for Piano, Op. 28 (4) 

·         Moderato for Piano in A major, B 116 (2) 

·         Pieces (2) for Piano, B 188 (3) 

·         Pieces (6) for Piano, Op. 52/B 110 (2) 

·         Poetic Tone Pictures (13) for Piano, Op. 85/B 161 (8) 

·         Polka for Piano in E major, B 3 (3) 

·         Question, B 128a (2) 

·         Scottish Dances, Op. 41/B 74 (3) 

·         Silhouettes (12) for Piano, Op. 8/B 98 (5) 

·         Slavonic Dances (8) for Piano 4 hands, Op. 46/B 78 (8) 

·         Slavonic Dances (8) for Piano 4 hands, Op. 72/B 145 (8) 

·         Suite for Piano in A major, Op. 984 "American" (3) 

·         Theme with Variations for Piano in A flat major, Op. 36/B 65 (6) 

·         Two Little Pearls, B 156 (3) 

·         Waltzes (8) for Piano, Op. 54/B 101 (6)

·         Symphony no 1 in C minor, B 9 "The Bells of Zlonice" (17) 

·         Symphony no 2 in B flat major, Op. 4/B 12 (16) 

·         Symphony no 3 in E flat major, Op. 10/B 34 (16) 

·         Symphony no 4 in D minor, Op. 13/B 41 (20) 

·         Symphony no 5 in F major, Op. 76/B 54 (28) 

·         Symphony no 6 in D major, Op. 60/B 112 (34) 

·         Symphony no 7 in D minor, Op. 70/B 141 (56) 

·         Symphony no 8 in G major, Op. 88/B 163 (86) 

·         Symphony no 9 in E minor, Op. 95/B 178 "From the New World" (180)